{"id":35,"is_published":true,"is_wizard_completed":true,"user":{"id":1,"name":"Historio"},"category":"IBM 100","bucket":{"id":35,"label":"The IBM 700 Series: Computing Comes to Business","description":"The 1950s brought challenges for IBM, the undisputed leader in data processing. To stay ahead of the Soviet Union, the US government began helping 14 organizations to develop electronic computers. IBM's future-and its pride-was at stake. In response, IBM created the 701 in 1951, its first commercial computer. The machine amazed the world. Time Magazine wrote that it would \"open up new horizons by rapidly working out complex equations to help discover new products, improve old ones, find out which answers to problems are the best.\" IBM President Thomas J. Watson Jr. said the 701 was \"the machine that carried us into the electronics business.\"","rh_time":{"start":"1952-01-01T00:00:00Z","end":"1957-12-31T23:59:59Z","start_granularity":"Year","end_granularity":"Year","start_timex":"1952","end_timex":"1957","id":35,"timex":null,"is_interval":null},"depth":0,"accounts":[{"id":112,"event_id":112,"title":"704 - the most powerful electronic brain announcement in France in 1957","description":null,"location":null,"rh_time":{"start":"1957-01-01T00:00:00Z","end":"1957-12-31T23:59:59Z","start_granularity":"Year","end_granularity":"Year","start_timex":"1957","end_timex":"1957","id":212,"timex":"during 1957","is_interval":true},"media":[{"id":37,"title":"IBM 704","description":"The IBM 704 was introduced in 1955 as the first machine in the IBM 700 series scientific line - it was designed specifically for engineering and scientific calculations. It was the first machine with magnetic core memory and the first to use the FORTRAN programming language. When an IBM 704 was installed in France in 1957, it was called \"the most powerful electronic brain.\"","attachment_content_type":"image/jpeg","url":"https://www.ibm.com/images/icp/I550153E24400B56/us__en_us__ibm100__700_series__704__800x615.jpg","url_original":"/system/attachments/37/original/open-uri20110930-5481-qg8ody?1317414436","url_medium":"/system/attachments/37/medium/open-uri20110930-5481-qg8ody?1317414436","url_thumb":"/system/attachments/37/thumb/open-uri20110930-5481-qg8ody?1317414436"}],"history_id":35,"user":{"id":1,"name":"Historio"}},{"id":111,"event_id":111,"title":"IBM 702","description":"IBM announces the IBM 702 Electronic Data Processing Machine, designed particularly for business use it also handles scientific and engineering applications. For example, an electric firm used it to solve scientific problems and process its business accounts; a machinery manufacturer prepared cam design reference tables on it, and the 702 was used in classified government projects that involved complicated scientific problems.","location":{"id":6252001,"name":"United States, North America (Region)"},"rh_time":{"start":"1955-01-01T00:00:00Z","end":"1955-12-31T23:59:59Z","start_granularity":"Year","end_granularity":"Year","start_timex":"1955","end_timex":"1955","id":211,"timex":"during 1955","is_interval":true},"media":[{"id":36,"title":"IBM 702","description":"Announced in 1953, the IBM 702 machine had less computational power than the IBM 701, so it was favored for commercial computing, rather than scientific calculations.","attachment_content_type":"image/jpeg","url":"https://www.ibm.com/images/icp/J410492P41577P70/us__en_us__ibm100__700_series__702__620x350.jpg","url_original":"/system/attachments/36/original/open-uri20110930-5481-iye2rv?1317414434","url_medium":"/system/attachments/36/medium/open-uri20110930-5481-iye2rv?1317414434","url_thumb":"/system/attachments/36/thumb/open-uri20110930-5481-iye2rv?1317414434"}],"history_id":35,"user":{"id":1,"name":"Historio"}},{"id":110,"event_id":110,"title":"IBM 650","description":"IBM announces the IBM 650 Magnetic Drum Calculator, the most popular computer of the 1950s.","location":{"id":6252001,"name":"United States, North America (Region)"},"rh_time":{"start":"1953-01-01T00:00:00Z","end":"1953-12-31T23:59:59Z","start_granularity":"Year","end_granularity":"Year","start_timex":"1953","end_timex":"1953","id":210,"timex":"during 1953","is_interval":true},"media":[],"history_id":35,"user":{"id":1,"name":"Historio"}},{"id":109,"event_id":109,"title":"IBM 701","description":"IBM throws its hat into the computer business ring by introducing the 701, its first large-scale electronic computer to be manufactured in quantity. IBM President Thomas J. Watson, Jr., later recalled, the 701 is \"the machine that carried us into the electronics business.\"","location":{"id":6252001,"name":"United States, North America (Region)"},"rh_time":{"start":"1952-01-01T00:00:00Z","end":"1952-12-31T23:59:59Z","start_granularity":"Year","end_granularity":"Year","start_timex":"1952","end_timex":"1952","id":209,"timex":"during 1952","is_interval":true},"media":[{"id":31,"title":"Vacuum Tubes","description":"The IBM 701 used electrostatic storage, consisting of 72 Williams tubes with a capacity of 1024 bits each. The total memory was 2048 words of 36 bits each.","attachment_content_type":"image/jpeg","url":"https://www.ibm.com/images/icp/Q686342F82968G05/us__en_us__ibm100__700_series__701_vacuum_tubes__620x350.jpg","url_original":"/system/attachments/31/original/open-uri20110930-5481-1myz7az?1317414416","url_medium":"/system/attachments/31/medium/open-uri20110930-5481-1myz7az?1317414416","url_thumb":"/system/attachments/31/thumb/open-uri20110930-5481-1myz7az?1317414416"},{"id":32,"title":"The components","description":"The IBM 701 Electronic Data Processing System included the IBM 701 electronic analytical control unit, IBM 706 electrostatic storage unit, IBM 711 punched card reader, IBM 716 printer, IBM 721 punched card recorder, IBM 726 magnetic tape reader/recorder, IBM 727 magnetic tape unit, IBM 731 magnetic drum reader/recorder, IBM 736 power frame #1, IBM 737 magnetic core storage unit, IBM 740 cathode ray tube output recorder, IBM 741 power frame #2, IBM 746 power distribution unit and IBM 753 magnetic tape control unit.","attachment_content_type":"image/jpeg","url":"https://www.ibm.com/images/icp/K481538Y50569H95/us__en_us__ibm100__700_series__701_a__800x630.jpg","url_original":"/system/attachments/32/original/open-uri20110930-5481-ypyht0?1317414418","url_medium":"/system/attachments/32/medium/open-uri20110930-5481-ypyht0?1317414418","url_thumb":"/system/attachments/32/thumb/open-uri20110930-5481-ypyht0?1317414418"},{"id":33,"title":"Playing checkers on the 701","description":"On February 24, 1956, Arthur Samuel's Checkers program, which was developed for play on the IBM 701, was demonstrated to the public on television. In 1962, self-proclaimed checkers master Robert Nealey played the game on an IBM 7094 computer. The computer won. Other games resulted in losses for the Samuel Checkers program, but it is still considered a milestone for artificial intelligence, and offered the public in the early 1960s an example of the capabilities of an electronic computer.","attachment_content_type":"image/jpeg","url":"https://www.ibm.com/images/icp/A138918I23240Y22/us__en_us__ibm100__700_series__checkers__620x350.jpg","url_original":"/system/attachments/33/original/open-uri20110930-5481-lqpvwq?1317414425","url_medium":"/system/attachments/33/medium/open-uri20110930-5481-lqpvwq?1317414425","url_thumb":"/system/attachments/33/thumb/open-uri20110930-5481-lqpvwq?1317414425"},{"id":34,"title":"Russian-to-English translation on the 701","description":"IBM paired with Georgetown University language scholars in 1952 to develop translation software for use on computers. On January 7, 1954, they demonstrated an experimental software program that enabled the IBM 701 computer to translate from Russian to English. In 1959, the Mark 1 Translating Device, which was developed for the US Air Force, produced its first automated Russian-to-English translation. The Mark 1 was demonstrated for the public at the IBM Pavilion at the New York World's Fair in 1964.","attachment_content_type":"image/jpeg","url":"https://www.ibm.com/images/icp/A419997W94108V67/us__en_us__ibm100__700_series__ibm_fair_pavillion_2__800x520.jpg","url_original":"/system/attachments/34/original/open-uri20110930-5481-ktttvn?1317414429","url_medium":"/system/attachments/34/medium/open-uri20110930-5481-ktttvn?1317414429","url_thumb":"/system/attachments/34/thumb/open-uri20110930-5481-ktttvn?1317414429"},{"id":35,"title":"IBM 701 meets the future president","description":"In 1954, Ronald Reagan, who was a TV personality for General Electric at the time, visited the GE Aircraft Jet Engine Plant in Evendale, Ohio. 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